Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Medang Gatal Leaves (Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth.) Against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Using the MTT Assay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v6i1.148Keywords:
Schima wallichii, MTT Assay, LC-MS, Cytotoxicity, MCF-7, IC₅₀Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide. The search for anticancer agents from natural products continues to develop due to their lower side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the ethanol extract of Schima wallichii DC. Korth (Medang gatal) leaves against MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro using the MTT assay method. The simplicia was prepared from fresh leaves that were dried, powdered, and extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol, yielding 23.9%. LC-MS analysis identified bioactive compounds such as kaempferol, tangeretin, naringenin, carnosic acid, and kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, which are known to possess anticancer potential. The cytotoxic assay was performed at concentrations of 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 µg/mL. The results showed a significant decrease in cell viability with increasing extract concentration. Linear regression analysis revealed an IC₅₀ value of 403 µg/mL, categorized as moderate toxicity based on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) criteria. These findings indicate that the ethanol extract of Medang gatal leaves has potential as a natural source for anticancer drug development, although further studies are required to isolate the active compounds and evaluate in vivo effects.
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