Optimization of ZnO-Ag2O Nanoparticle Emulgel Formulation with Carbopol 940 Variation as an Antibacterial Agent Against Bacillus subtilis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v6i1.161Keywords:
Carbopol 940, Emulgel, Nanoparticles, Stability, ZnO-Ag2OAbstract
ZnO-Ag2O nanoparticles exhibit high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. However, they face challenges regarding absorption within the body and potential toxicity when administered orally. This study aimed to determine the stability of ZnO-Ag2O nanoparticle emulgels using varying concentrations of Carbopol 940 as the gelling agent. ZnO-Ag2O nanoparticles were formulated into emulgels with Carbopol 940 concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. Evaluations focused on physical properties—specifically organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, spread ability, pH, and viscosity—alongside a real-time stability test conducted over four weeks. The results indicated that the tested emulgels met the physical property standards. Physical stability evaluations yielded pH values of 4.2–6.3, spread ability of 4.27–7 cm, and viscosity of 3,247–47,466 cps; all tests were performed in triplicate. Statistical analysis showed a significance value (p-value) of < 0.05, indicating significant differences among the observations. The study concluded that the optimal Carbopol 940 concentration for the emulgel gelling agent was 1% (Formula F2), which demonstrated the greatest stability based on physical properties. The emulgel exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, with an inhibitory concentration of 3.5 ± 0.35, falling into the moderate category.
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