Analisis Proksimat dan Serat Kasar Sereal Instan Beras Hitam, Tempe, dan Brokoli bagi Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v5i2.127
Abstrak View:
5
PDF downloads:
0
Kata Kunci:
Beras Hitam, Brokoli, Pangan Fungsional, Sereal Instan, TempeAbstrak
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) adalah salah satu gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan gangguan fungsi insulin. Dukungan diet diperlukan untuk mengontrol gula darah, menurunkan risiko kurang gizi dan komplikasi. Beras hitam memiliki kadar serat dan antioksidan tinggi yang dapat membantu mengontrol gula darah dan menurunkan stres oksidatif pada pasien. Tempe sebagai produk fermentasi kacang kedelai memiliki asam amino ketogenik tinggi tidak meningkatkan beban glikemik. Mineral kromium yang terdapat dalam brokoli dapat membantu meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis mutu gizi dan serat kasar sereal instan BTB (Beras hitam, Tempe, Brokoli) bagi penderita DMT2. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimental laboratorium dan desain rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan (P1, P2, P3) yang didasarkan pada proporsi beras hitam, tempe dan susu skim. Setiap taraf perlakuan dilakukan karakterisasi organoleptik, uji proksimat, dan uji serat kasar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa persentase bahan baku memberikan pengaruh besar pada kandungan protein (α=0,003) dan karbohidrat (α=0,015), sebaliknya tidak memberikan efek yang signifikan terhadap kandungan lemak (α=0,148), kadar air (α=0,153), kadar abu (α=0,202), kandungan energi (α=0,274) dan serat kasar (α=0,271). Kadar proksimat sereal instan P2 menjadi perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan standar diet PERKENI untuk penderita DMT2. Rata-rata kadar protein P2 10,48±0,67%, lemak 24,64±1,98%, air 6,27±0,15%, abu 2,11±0,03%, karbohidrat 58,31±0,93%, energi 489,68±9,59kkal, serat kasar 2,52±0,29g. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sereal instan BTS dapat dijadikan alternatif menu sarapan bagi penderita DMT2.
Unduhan
Referensi
Ağagündüz, D., Icer, M. A., Yesildemir, O., Koçak, T., Kocyigit, E., & Capasso, R. (2023). The roles of dietary lipids and lipidomics in gut-brain axis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21(1), 240. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04088-5
Amrizal, S. N., Zakaria, F. R., Suliantari, & Chasanah, E. (2018). Consumption of Purple Soy Tofu in Improving Hyperglycemia Condition and Nutritional Intake to Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Respondents. International Journal On Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 8(5), 2065–2070.
Association of Analytical Chemists. (1995). Official method of analysis of the AOAC (16th ed).
Astawan, M., Mardhiyyah, Y. S., & Wijaya, C. H. (2018). Potential of Bioactive Components in Tempe for the Treatment of Obesity. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 13(2), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2018.13.2.79-86
Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2023). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI).
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2019). LAPORAN NASIONAL RISKESDAS 2018.
BPOM. (2020). PBOM No 24 Th 2020 tentang Pengawasan Pangan Olahan untuk Keperluan Gizi Khusus (Patent Nomor 24 Tahun 2020). In BPOM (Nomor 24 Tahun 2020).
Cintari, L., & Sukraniti, D. P. (2022). Implementation of Transtheoretical Model Nutrition Education and Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Improved Dietary Adherence Behavior, Chromium Consumption Pattern and Blood Glucose Level Diabetes Mellitus Patients. JURNAL NUTRISIA, 24(1), 29–39. https://doi.org/10.29238/jnutri.v24i1.252
Donin, A. S., Nightingale, C. M., Owen, C. G., Rudnicka, A. R., Jebb, S. A., Ambrosini, G. L., Stephen, A. M., Cook, D. G., & Whincup, P. H. (2014). Dietary energy intake is associated with type 2 diabetes risk markers in children. Diabetes Care, 37(1), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1263
ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Ebekozien, O., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., Gaglia, J. L., Garg, R., Khunti, K., Lal, R., Lingvay, I., Matfin, G., Pandya, N., Pekas, E. J., Pilla, S. J., … Bannuru, R. R. (2025). 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care, 48(Supplement_1), S27–S49. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-S002
Ghosal, A., Pradhan, S., Patel, S., & Dahikar, P. G. (2023). Effect of heat on protein: A review. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 8(1), 20–22.
Gumus, C. E., & Decker, E. A. (2021). Oxidation in Low Moisture Foods as a Function of Surface Lipids and Fat Content. Foods, 10(4), 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10040860
Hidayat, K., Du, X., & Shi, B. (2019). Milk in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: The potential role of milk proteins. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 35(8). https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3187
Lo, D., Romulo, A., Lin, J.-Y., Wang, Y.-T., Wijaya, C. H., & Wu, M.-C. (2022). Effect of different fermentation conditions on antioxidant capacity and isoflavones content of soy tempeh. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 7(3), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2022035
Luna-Castillo, K. P., Olivares-Ochoa, X. C., Hernández-Ruiz, R. G., Llamas-Covarrubias, I. M., Rodríguez-Reyes, S. C., Betancourt-Núñez, A., Vizmanos, B., Martínez-López, E., Muñoz-Valle, J. F., Márquez-Sandoval, F., & López-Quintero, A. (2022). The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Hypertriglyceridemia: From Public Health to Molecular Nutrition Evidence. Nutrients, 14(5), 1104. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051104
Mao, T., Huang, F., Zhu, X., Wei, D., & Chen, L. (2021). Effects of dietary fiber on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Functional Foods, 82, 104500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104500
Mardhiati, I., Astawan, M., & Indrasti, D. (2025). Tempe as a control for diabetes mellitus: Consumer perceptions and feasibility. BIO Web of Conferences, 171, 02005. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202517102005
Moreira, F. D., Mendes, G. F., Nascimento, G. D. M., Reis, C. E. G., Gallassi, A. D., & Welker, A. F. (2024). Postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is reduced by raw insoluble fiber: A randomized trial. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 34(12), 2673–2679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.013
Muhdar, I. N. (2024). Relationship between manganese minerals and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mini review. Arsip Keilmuan Gizi (AKG), 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.36590/akg.v1i1.818
Muskan, Kharadi, T., & Wadhawan, N. (2025). Impact of cooking and processing methods on the glycemic response of legumes and cereals: A review. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 9(6), 1076–1082. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2025.v9.i6m.4662
Pagey, S. V., Landge, B. P., & Nakhale, S. (2025). Lipid oxidation in food systems: Mechanisms, detection methods, and prevention strategies. International Journal of Applied Research, 11(5), 82–88.
Peng, B., Lou, A.-Q., Luo, X.-D., Wang, R., Tu, S., Xue, Z.-Y., Qiu, J., Tian, X.-Y., Yang, F., Zhang, Y.-M., Huang, Y.-Q., Sun, Y.-Y., Chen, P.-L., Zhou, W., & Wang, Q.-X. (2021). The Nutritional Value and Application of Black Rice-A Review. Journal of Biotechnology Research, (74), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.32861/jbr.74.63.72
Raouf, E. H. H., & Rahman, O. A.-G. H. (2014). Effect of broccoli intake on antioxidant in the liver and kidney tissues of hyperglycemic rats. Integrative Food, Nutrition and Metabolism, 1(1).
Ruilong, Z., Jingyi, S. U. O., Chengtuo, N. I. U., Feiyun, Z., Chonghua, Y. I., Diqing, S., Jinjing, W., Qi, L. I., & Chunfeng, L. I. U. (2020). Application of purple or black rice in brewing industry. Food and Fermentation Industries, 46(23), 263–268. https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.024717
Sadewa, G. K., & Murtini, E. S. (2020). STUDI PEMBUATAN NAGET DARI CAMPURAN NANGKA MUDA DAN TEMPE BUNGKIL KACANG TANAH DENGAN PENAMBAHAN TAPIOKA. Jurnal Pangan Dan Agroindustri, 8(4), 197–207. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpa.2020.008.04.3
Schulze, M. B., Haardt, J., Amini, A. M., Kalotai, N., Lehmann, A., Schmidt, A., Buyken, A. E., Egert, S., Ellinger, S., Kroke, A., Kühn, T., Louis, S., Nimptsch, K., Schwingshackl, L., Siener, R., Zittermann, A., Watzl, B., & Lorkowski, S. (2024). Protein intake and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an umbrella review of systematic reviews for the evidence-based guideline for protein intake of the German Nutrition Society. European Journal of Nutrition, 63(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-023-03234-5
Shetty, S., & Kumari, S. (2021). Fatty acids and their role in type 2 diabetes (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 22(1), 706. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10138
Soelistijo, S. A. et al. (2019). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa di Indonesia. PB PERKENI.
Su, H.-K., Chen, W.-C., Lu, J.-H., Chao, H.-R., Liang, Y.-F., Haruka, S., Hsu, W.-L., Wu, M.-L., & Tsai, M.-H. (2023). The effects of using Tempeh as a supplement for type 2 diabetes. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(6), 3339–3347. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.3319
Sule, S. O., Solana, O. I., J.E., O., & Ogunsanwo, O. A. (2024). Effect of processing on nutritional content of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) skin waste as functional food and feed. ADAN Journal of Agriculture, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.36108/adanja/4202.50.0111
Surya, R., Amalia, N., Gunawan, W. Ben, Taslim, N. A., Ghafoor, M., Mayulu, N., Hardinsyah, H., Abdi Syahputra, R., Kartawidjajaputra, F., Rizzo, G., Tjandrawinata, R. R., Subali, D., Kurniawan, R., & Nurkolis, F. (2024). Tempe as superior functional antioxidant food: From biomechanism to future development of soybean-based functional food. Pharmacia, 71, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e116748
Takeda, Y., Fujihara, K., Nedachi, R., Ikeda, I., Morikawa, S. Y., Hatta, M., Horikawa, C., Kato, M., Kato, N., Yokoyama, H., Kurihara, Y., Miyazawa, K., Maegawa, H., & Sone, H. (2021). Comparing Associations of Dietary Energy Density and Energy Intake, Macronutrients with Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (JDDM 63). Nutrients, 13(9), 3167. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093167
Tian, S., Xu, Q., Jiang, R., Han, T., Sun, C., & Na, L. (2017). Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies. Nutrients, 9(9), 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090982
Wahyuni, A. S., Wijianto, D. W., & Iswanto, D. (2024). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Metformin and Black Rice Ethanol Extract Combination in Reducing Blood Glucose Levels and Protecting Kidney, Liver, and Pancreatic Cells. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v8i6.11
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Arindra Nirbaya, Yosfi Rahmi, Titis Sari Kusuma
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
.png)
