Optimization of Ethanol Extract Gel Nanoparticle Formulation of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) as Antibacterial Against Propionibacterium Acnes

Zahra Febriana Maharani, Nanda Dwi Akbar, Margareta Retno Priamsari — Wed, 17 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Nanoparticle gel is a colloid consisting of nanometer-sized particles made from cosmetic active ingredients or other materials that are evenly distributed in a gel matrix. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of nanoparticle gel preparations of sappanwood extract against Propionibacterium acnes. The sappanwood extract was extracted by remaceration 70% ethanol then the extract was tested for antibacterial activity at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, and 80% using Nutrient Agar media against P. acnes. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of sappanwood extract appeared at a concentration of 20%. Spreadability and adhesiveness were 5.90 ± 0.06 and 14.96 ± 0.01, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis test with one sample t-test showed a p value> 0.05 so that the response of spreadability and adhesiveness between predictions was not significantly different from the actual. The optimal formula of sappanwood extract gel nanoparticles has moderate antibacterial activity against P. acnes.

Antioxidant Potential of Crab Shell Extract (Portunus pelagicus) from Pekalongan, Central Jawa, Indonesia

Tue, 16 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Free radicals contribute to oxidative stress, which plays a key role in degenerative diseases. Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, preventing cellular damage. This study evaluates the antioxidant activity of Portunus pelagicus shell extract from Wonokerto, Pekalongan Regency, using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Extraction was performed through demineralization, deproteinization, and maceration with virgin coconut oil. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of terpenoids, which are known for their antioxidant properties, but Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) did not detect astaxanthin. Antioxidant activity testing at concentrations of 5, 10, 50, and 100 ppm resulted in an IC₅₀ value of 549.40 ppm, indicating very weak antioxidant potential. The absence of astaxanthin and the weak activity may be due to extraction method limitations, solvent choice, or low concentrations of active compounds. These findings highlight the need for optimized extraction techniques to enhance the bioactive potential of crab shell-derived compounds. This study contributes to marine biowaste utilization and provides insights into improving antioxidant properties for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian dan Gizi

Optimization of Ethanol Extract Gel Nanoparticle Formulation of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) as Antibacterial Against Propionibacterium Acnes

Antioxidant Potential of Crab Shell Extract (Portunus pelagicus) from Pekalongan, Central Jawa, Indonesia