PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian dan Gizi

Study of Formulating Coconut Milk Solid Soap with Variations in Concentrations of Coconut Oil and Palm Oil

wahyu wuryandari — 2025-03-30

Solid soap is a cleansing product derived from the saponification of fatty acids and bases. The fatty acids used were coconut oil and palm oil. Coconut oil and palm oil contained lauric acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid, each of which functioned to produce lather, hardness, and moisturizing properties in the soap. Coconut milk contained oleic acid, stearate, and linoleate, serving as moisturizers. Coconut milk could be used as a substitute for water to dissolve NaOH. This study aimed to ascertain the physical and chemical quality of solid coconut milk soap with variations in concentrations of coconut oil and palm oil. The study was conducted as an experimental research. Solid coconut milk soap was manufactured using the cold process method. The soap was formulated into three different recipes. The results of physical and chemical quality tests of the three formulations showed water content testing yielded 7.88% (formula 1), 7.95% (formula 2), and 9.63% (formula 3). Foam height testing resulted in 11.6 cm (formula 1), 11.3 cm (formula 2), and 11.3 cm (formula 3). pH testing showed values of 9.63 (formula 1), 9.76 (formula 2), and 9.73 (formula 3). Free alkali testing indicated 0.089% (formula 1), 0.094% (formula 2), and 0.084% (formula 3). The conclusion drawn from this research is that solid coconut milk soap with variations in concentrations of coconut oil and palm oil meets the 2021 Indonesian National Standards for organoleptic properties, water content, pH, and free alkali content.

Physical Qualities and Antifungal Activity of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Extract Shampoo against Candida albicans

Makhabbah Jamilatun — 2025-03-30

Dandruff can be caused by microorganisms such as fungi, one of which is Candida albicans. Candida albicans fungus can be inhibited with flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. One of the plants that contain this compound is cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Cucumbers are also able to stimulate hair growth and nourish hair loss. This research aims to determine the physical quality to determine quality and antifungal activity of cucumber fruit extract shampoo. The method used in this research was quantitative experimental with four formulas for varying the concentration of active substances from cucumber: F1 (0%), F2 (0.06%), F3 (0.08%), and F4 (0.1%). Cucumber extraction was done using the soxhletation method using 70% ethanol solvent. The organoleptic test results showed that F0, F1, F2, and F3 had a clear yellow color, a typical herbal odor, thick texture; and homogeneous. The pH of F0, F1, F2, and F3 respectively is 8.52; 8.76; 8.62 and 8.86. The viscosities of F0, F1, F2, and F3 are 1352 mPas, 1441 mPas, 1631 mPas, dan 1690 mPas, respectively. The height of the foam F0, F1, F2, and F3 respectively is 8.3 cm; 8.6cm; 8.6cm; and 8 cm. Antifungal activity has an inhibition zone of F0, F1, F2, and F3 respectively, namely 21.22 mm; 22.47mm; 22.82mm; 24.35mm. The results obtained show that the cucumber extract shampoo meets the physical qualities and has very strong antifungal activity.

Analysis of Hydroquinone Content in Hand body lotion for sale in Central Klaten District with Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry Method

Ayu Dwi Retno Ningrum — 2025-03-30

Hydroquinone is a compound used as a whitening agent and to prevent pigmentation. The use of hydroquinone in hand body lotion is prohibited by BPOM because it can cause skin irritation, redness, burning sensation, bluish or blackish skin (ochronosis), cancer. This study aims to identify the content and determine the levels of hydroquinone in hand body lotion sold in Klaten Tengah District using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The research method used is quantitative descriptive. The samples obtained were eight and were coded A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. The results showed that all samples were positive for hydroquinone with levels of 2.54%; 0.20%; 0.14%; 0.17%; 0.30%; 1.25%; 0.37%; and 2.10% so that they do not meet the requirements of BPOM RI No.23 of 2019.

Overview of Antibiotic Prescription in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Clinic at Hospital X, Situbondo Regency

Solikhati Ika Nanda — 2025-03-30

Antibiotics are chemical compounds used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting the growth or killing bacteria. Antibiotics are classified as prescription medications, meaning their use must be based on a doctor's recommendation and prescription. The selection of antibiotics should be based on information about the spectrum of microorganisms causing the infection, microbiological test results, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the antibiotics, as well as their affordability. The prescribing of antibiotics in hospitals, both in terms of the types of antibiotics used and the medical reasons for their use, may vary depending on the guidelines for antibiotic use at each hospital. This study aims to provide an overview of antibiotic prescribing in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) clinic at Situbondo District Hospital. The research design is descriptive observational. The samples used were all doctor prescriptions from the ENT clinic at the hospital, filled at the outpatient pharmacy depot during November 2023. The sampling technique employed was total sampling, resulting in 110 prescriptions. The findings showed that the most commonly prescribed antibiotics were Co-Amoxiclav (66.2%), Cefixime (20.0%), Levofloxacin (7.6%), Azithromycin (4.1%), and a combination of Polymyxin B Sulfate and Neomycin Sulfate (2.1%). Regarding the duration of antibiotic therapy, oral antibiotics were prescribed for 2 to 7 days, while ear drops were used for 20 to 27 days.

Phytochemical Study and Pharmacological Activity of Kayu Banana Fruit (Musa paradisiaca L. var. Kayu)

Winda Wulandari — 2025-03-30

Banana kayu is a fruit that contains phenolics. Phenolic compounds have pharmacological effects as antidiarrheal agents. Objective: This article review aims to identify the chemicals present in the banana kayu plant (Musa paradisiaca L. Var. Kayu) and examine its pharmacological effects. Method: The employed methodology is the literature search technique. Results: This journal review article examines the pharmacological activity of banana kayu, namely antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and antioxidant properties in various portions of the banana kayu. Banana kayu comprises components including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and serotonin. Conclusion: Multiple assessments indicate that the fruit of the banana kayu plant possesses diverse compounds with numerous benefits.